Weber’s theory of bureaucracy: its ideas and characteristics

Max Weber proposed a theory to explain the hierarchical functioning of organizations.

From the psychology of organizations, many theories have been put forward about the organization of work in companies. Today we will know one of them, Weber's theory of bureaucracy..

This theory arose to overcome the limitations of the classical theory and the theory of human relations, which, on the other hand, were opposed and contradictory to each other. Thus, Weber proposed this theory of rationalist cut by means of an efficient approach, being this one applicable to the factories and to the different forms of human organization.

Max Weber

Maximilian Weber (1864-1920) was a German philosopher, economist, jurist, historian, political scientist and sociologist. and sociologist. He is considered the founder of the modern study of sociology and public administration.

Weber initiated the systematic study of bureaucracy. He developed a series of observations in relation to it and configured the conditions that contribute to it, with concepts such as the monetary economy, the capitalist system, the industrial revolution, etc.

Weber's theory of bureaucracy

Weber's theory of bureaucracy consists of a form of hierarchical organization of labor where officials or workers are specialized in their field and functions. For Weber, bureaucracy is an instrument of domination.

Weber establishes the conditions for a person with power to justify his or her legitimacy; furthermore, he explains how the subjects over whom such power is exercised are subjected to it..

In addition to legitimizing power, a certain degree of administrative organization is necessary for the exercise of power to be possible. The bureaucratic type of administrative organization proposed by Weber will provide the highest degree of efficiency in work and organization. The objective of such an organization will be to solve the problems of society, and by extension those of the company.and, by extension, those of the company.

As positive characteristics of his theory of bureaucracy versus other types of work organization, Weber defends that it is: precise, fast and uniform, among others. In addition, he emphasizes that its organization saves objective and personal costs.

Types of society

Within his theory of bureaucracy, Weber proposes 3 types of society according to their characteristics:

1. Traditional society.

Patriarchy and inheritance (e.g., the family). (e.g. the family).

Charismatic society

Mystical, arbitrary and personalistic characteristics stand out (e.g. political parties).

3. Bureaucratic, rational or legal society

Highlights impersonal rules and rationality (e.g. large companies). From it he explains his theory of bureaucracy.

Types of legitimate authority

Weber also defines three types of legitimate authority:

• Traditional authority.
• Charismatic authority.
• Legal, rational or bureaucratic authority, proper to his theory.

Main ideas of his theory

Weber's theory of bureaucracy proposes three fundamental ideas that are characteristic of bureaucracy:

Legal nature of rules and regulations

There are a series of written rules and regulations in the bureaucracy, which are elaborated in a detailed and rational way. These are consistent with the objectives of the bureaucracy.

Thus, the bureaucracy is based on its own legislation that defines its functioning.

Impersonality

All rules, decisions and administrative matters shall be formulated and recorded in writing.

The worker shall perform his task in an impersonal manner.

Hierarchy of authority

The commented legislation is composed of a series of abstract and rationally and intentionally established rules.

The subject with authority has a series of functions, rights and obligations. This subject has power by reason of his position.

On the other hand, the subject who obeys the authority does so because it is so determined by the laws, and not so much because he obeys the will of the boss.

4. Professionalization and rationality

Each professional will be selected for his or her degree of preparation and specialization in the field..

The work to be developed will be considered as a career where one can be promoted (promoted) according to his seniority, capacity and technical knowledge.

5. Maximum division of labor

There are a series of positions of power within the bureaucratic organization. Each position of power obeys to a series of competenciesThe positions are organized hierarchically; thus, each position is under the control and supervision of a superior.

The positions are organized hierarchically; thus, each position is under the control and supervision of a superior position. Each subject is responsible for his decisions and actions, as well as those of his subordinates.

6. Determination of rules

Rules and standards govern the conduct of employees. Each of them is applied to each specific case and situation in a consistent manner.

Effects of bureaucracy

Weber posits a number of effects arising from his bureaucratic organization: on the one hand, bureaucratic organization will help to predict human behavior, and on the other, it will facilitate the standardization of workers' performance.

As mentioned above, the ultimate objective will be to to have greater efficiency in all the processes and positions developed in the company, i.e., maximum efficiency in all the processes and positions developed in the company.that is to say, the maximum efficiency of the organization.