Rubifen (psychotropic drug): what it is, what it is used for and side effects

We analyze the uses, indications and side effects of this drug for ADHD.

Today a large part of the population knows or has heard of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by problems in maintaining attention and the presence of hyperactivity and impulsivity.

However, what is not so well known is that these problems (which are involuntary and beyond the child's control, not being voluntary) are linked to a slowing of frontal development, which governs executive functions, including abilities such as behavioral inhibition.

Although psychoeducational and psychological approaches are or should always be prioritized, sometimes drugs that activate the frontal areas are prescribed, facilitating better control of the situation in cases where it is considered necessary. One of these drugs is Rubifen, which we will discuss in this article..

What is Rubifen?

Rubifen is the name of a psychopharmaceutical, a substance with psychoactive properties of a moderate stimulant nature, which is mainly used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

It is one of the drugs synthesized on the basis of methylphenidate, its active ingredient, which in turn is a product related to amphetamines.. It acts by causing the activation of areas of the brain that in those people to whom it is prescribed are usually hypoactivated. Thus, although it is stimulating in people with certain neurodevelopmental disorders, it actually tends to make them calmer.

Although it is frequently used in children, it is generally not used unless other types of (non-drug) therapy fail, and regular monitoring of cardiovascular health and growth status should be performed due to the potential side effects and problems that may arise through its use. However, in some cases it may be necessary and facilitate better psychosocial development, particularly in the most extreme cases and where functionality is severely limited.

Likewise, the use of drugs of this type is subject to strong controversy due to the overdiagnosis of the disorders that justify their use, sometimes being applied to people who in reality would not have needed them. It is therefore essential to perform an exhaustive evaluation before deciding on the use of Rubifen and similar drugs, especially when we are talking about children in their growth stage.

Rubifen can be found in different presentations, mainly capsules and tablets, either immediate or prolonged release.. It usually lasts between two and four hours and is mainly eliminated through the kidneys, although to a lesser extent also through the feces.

Unfortunately, Rubifen is also known to be used as a stimulant drug, leading to situations of abuse and dependence easily despite being marketed only by prescription. In fact, it is sometimes called "the poor man's cocaine", and this can have severe repercussions on health when used recreationally.

Main indications

Rubifen is a drug whose main therapeutic indication is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, although, as we have indicated, it is only used if other strategies fail. It should be noted, however, that it cannot be used it cannot be used for all children with this problem either, since if certain symptoms are present, it can be used for all children with this problem.However, it is necessary to keep in mind that it cannot be used for all children with this problem, since if certain symptoms are present, the use of this drug could worsen them (for example, tics and mannerisms). It is used in children over six years of age and is not indicated for children under six years of age or adults with ADHD.

It may be surprising that a disorder known for impulsivity and hyperactivity has an activating and stimulating substance as a drug, but this is because in ADHD some areas of the brain are hypoactivated (especially the prefrontal) and functions such as behavioral inhibition, planning or even attention and concentration have not yet developed in a neurotypical way. Thus, Rubifen activates these areas, facilitating impulse control.

Although not an approved indication, this drug has also been used on occasion to treat cases of narcolepsy, even in adult subjects.

Mechanism of action

Rubifen, and methylphenidate in general, exerts its activity through an activating mechanism of action that has effects on the brainstem and cortex.

This mechanism of action is not yet fully understood, but it is based on the inhibition of dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake and stimulation of their synthesis. That is, by preventing these monoamines from being reuptaken by the presynaptic neuron, dopamine and norepinephrine remain in the synaptic space and can therefore be utilized. The levels of these two neurotransmitters increase, which also increases brain activity. This drug seems to be especially relevant in its effects on the prefrontal, something that contributes to improve the functioning of executive functions and attention..

In addition to this it also has a minor effect on serotonin, increasing it slightly, something that can be used for a better control of symptoms of disorders such as narcolepsy.

Side effects

Although Rubifen is an effective drug for treating the symptoms of ADHD, its use can carry a number of unpleasant side effects and even risks.

Among the various side effects we can find decreased appetite, insomnia, headache, weight loss, nausea, nausea and vomiting, erythema and vomiting. nausea and vomiting, erythema, decreased growth or tics. It can also generate affective lability or even in some cases mania. In addition, uncontrolled speech and movements, confusion, spasms, speech problems, blurred vision, increased irritability or constipation may occur.

Other less common side effects may include agitation, tachycardia, dryness, priapism or erectile dysfunction, confusion, cardiovascular problems, dyskinesia and seizures, although these are more serious and may require medical attention. Finally, it can reduce the number of blood cells, cause arterial inflammation, liver problems and impaired thinking. Very rarely it can cause heart attacks and vascular accidents. For all these reasons, it is necessary that in case of use, a medical control of the subject must be carried out.

Contraindications

Rubifen can be effective, but it cannot be taken by everyone: there are sectors of the population that have contraindicated it as it can be dangerous for them..

People with Allergy or hypersensitivity to methylphenidate, those suffering from narrow-angle glaucoma or people with a history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular problems should avoid taking it. It should also be avoided in case of Tourette's disorder or tics, since as a possible side effect it can enhance tics and stereotyped movements. Those suffering from thyroid problems or anorexia nervosa (since the drug reduces the sensation of hunger). Also is contraindicated in psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders or in subjects with suicidal thoughts.. It should also be avoided in patients with renal or hepatic problems, arterial hypertension or swallowing difficulties.

Pregnant women and nursing mothers are also contraindicated, since transmission of the drug in milk has been observed, as well as cases of respiratory toxicity in babies and fetuses. It is also recommended to avoid its consumption during puberty, as it can cause growth problems, and also for children under six years of age.