Basic skin care for babies

The skin is the largest organ in our body and needs specific care. In children, the skin is more delicate than in adults, therefore, specific products must be used that do not affect the balance of the skin.

It is such a fragile organ that it is recommended do not expose it to direct sunlight before six months of life. A baby can in a very short time, 10-15 minutes, even on cloudy days. Sensitivity to UV rays is due to the weak pigmentation of the baby's skin and the fact that its melanocytes (the cells responsible for the production of melanin) are present, they are less active.

How is the baby's skin?

Baby's skin is soft and smooth and at the same time, resistant and elastic. It is thinner than that of the adult (it represents only 1/5 of the thickness of adult skin and although it has the same layers as that of an adult, these are thinner) and also more delicate. Therefore, it is more sensitive or reactive to external aggressors, so it needs extra care and protection.

• Epidermis of the baby (the outermost layer) is much thinner and the cells are less compacted than in adult skin.
• The sweat and sebaceous glands are also less active than in adults, so that the hydrolipid film (an emulsion of water and fats that covers and protects the surface of the skin) and the protective acid mantle (the aqueous part of the hydrolipid film, which is slightly acidic ) are still relatively weak.

In short, the barrier function of the skin is immature and this makes it less resistant, and more sensitive to chemical, physical and microbial influences. In addition, it is prone to becoming dehydrated and having trouble regulating body temperature. As children grow mature skin. Around six years of age, the structure of the skin and its appendages has fully matured and corresponds to that of the adult.

Hygiene of the skin and diaper area

Hygiene of the skin is essential through bathing and frequent diaper changes. The bathroom does not have to be daily, but it is advisable to wash with mild soap and water the diaper area. Moisture and dirt for prolonged periods in this area can irritate it and make it vulnerable to infection.

• Diapers are better if they are highly absorbent. We can also use a more sustainable formula using cloth diapers. It is not necessary to always use protective cream for the bottom, it will depend on whether it is a child that a lot or a little. To remove this type of thick cream it is advisable to do it with oil or a moisturizer, since they are creams that repel water.
• You should use a mild soap, special for babies and that is not very aggressive. Sometimes not making a lot of foam is a good thing, as it is a direct sign that you are low on surfactants. The amount should be small, the size of a chickpea or less. After applying the soap, the baby's skin and hair should be rinsed very well to avoid irritation.
• Bathroom should be done with lukewarm water, at about 37ºC and use a bathtub or specific support that allows us to bathe the child safely, such as a bath chair or hammock. We must never leave him alone. After showering or bathing, pat the skin dry, without rubbing, insisting on the crease area (neck, groin, genitals, armpits). If desired, a moisturizer with the skin a little damp. A very interesting option is to use good quality almond or apricot kernel oil. This formula avoids putting more synthetic formulas on the skin, opting for a more natural line. The secret to applying vegetable (non-mineral) oil is to apply it to slightly damp skin. If a moisturizer is chosen it should be unscented and not contain substances like alpha hydroxy acids, parabens, or sun blockers.
• It is not advisable to use perfume directly on the skin, even though it is specifically designed for babies. The best way to perfume it is with an alcohol-free cologne and vaporize the clothes, not the skin or the scalp.
• The wax produced by the ears should not be removed with a cotton swab, only the external part of the pinna should be cleaned.

The hair

The hair must be combed with a soft brush and cut when necessary.

The ones

Fingernails and toenails must be maintained short and clean to avoid injuries and possible sources of infection if the child scratches. Baby's nails are very thin and grow very fast. There are babies who need to cut their nails up to twice a week. When they are soft, a soft file can be used. As they harden, a special baby scissors, with blunt tip. Babies do not like to have their nails cut, take advantage when they are asleep. To avoid cutting the skin on your fingertips, hold your finger firmly and push the skin back.

• In the baby, the barrier function of the skin is immature and this makes it less resistant, and more sensitive to chemical, physical and microbial influences.
• Hygiene of the skin through bathing and frequent diaper changes is essential.
• Bathing does not have to be daily, but it is advisable to wash the diaper area with mild soap and water so that dirt and moisture do not irritate or expose it to infection.

Hygiene and care of the baby is very important, as is periodic examination by the pediatrician. The insurances have a wide medical staff of specialists in pediatrics.

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