Prevention of dermatological pathology

Skin disorders are a frequent problem in the elderly, considering that 40% and in some studies up to 60% of the elderly present some type of skin pathology. The appearance of wrinkles, dry skin and other lesions is considered normal in the elderly, another sign of the passage of time.

However, not only is time the cause of the presence of wrinkles and other skin alterations; Agents such as exposure to ultraviolet rays, cold, wind, dehydration, toxins such as tobacco smoke or stress are factors, unlike time, that are avoidable or modifiable.

skin care in the elderly is mainly based on:

• Correct daily hygiene with warm water using odorless, pH neutral soaps such as oatmeal, since they are less aggressive against skin oil.
• Use of protective barrier creams in case of urinary or fecal incontinence, as well as the frequent change of absorbents.
• Frequent postural changes in immobilized patients to prevent pressure ulcers.
• Application of moisturizing creams and oils enriched with hyperoxygenated fatty acids in areas over bone protrusions in immobilized patients to avoid the development of pressure ulcers.
• Correct drying of the skin, especially at the level of the skin folds, to avoid macerations and the appearance of infections such as candidiasis.
• The baths should not be prolonged, avoiding very hot water.
• Avoid wool or polyester clothing that can be irritating.
• Correct hydration and nutrition is necessary.
• Apply a moisturizing lotion or emollient cream to damp skin.
• Beware of medications or exposure to irritating chemicals.
• Avoid alcohol and tobacco.

Likewise, photoprotection is essential by means of solar filters of topical application that absorb solar energy and transform it into caloric energy. The protection index must be adapted to the type of skin of the elderly (the lighter the skin, the higher the protection index must be). This index indicates the maximum time you can be exposed without burning. Currently, it is recommended to use creams with an index higher than 15 or 20, whether it is sunny or not. The use of hats or caps are also useful, especially when there is alopecia.

Photoprotection must be carried out from childhood, since the effect of ultraviolet rays accumulates on the skin over the years.